Specific features of protein biosynthesis in higher eukaryotes

Phospholipid biosynthesis in eukaryotes

The objective of this chapter is to provide an overview of eukaryotic phospholipid biosynthesis at an advanced level. Phospholipids make up the essential milieu of cellular membranes and act as a barrier for entry of compounds into cells. Phospholipids also function as precursors of second messengers such as diacylglycerol (DG) and inositol1,4,5-P3 which is covered in Chapter 12. A third, and u...

Protein components of mitochondrial DNA nucleoids in higher eukaryotes.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is not packaged in nucleosomal particles, but has been reported to associate with the mitochondrial inner membrane. Gentle lysis of Xenopus oocyte mitochondria with nonionic detergent liberates a nucleoprotein complex containing mtDNA associated with a previously characterized DNA binding partner, mitochondrial transcription factor A (mtTFA), as well as a series of inn...

Polarised Asymmetric Inheritance of Accumulated Protein Damage in Higher Eukaryotes

Disease-associated misfolded proteins or proteins damaged due to cellular stress are generally disposed via the cellular protein quality-control system. However, under saturating conditions, misfolded proteins will aggregate. In higher eukaryotes, these aggregates can be transported to accumulate in aggresomes at the microtubule organizing center. The fate of cells that contain aggresomes is cu...

CRM Finding in Higher Eukaryotes

The specific features of methionine biosynthesis and metabolism in plants.

Plants, unlike other higher eukaryotes, possess all the necessary enzymatic equipment for de novo synthesis of methionine, an amino acid that supports additional roles than simply serving as a building block for protein synthesis. This is because methionine is the immediate precursor of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet), which plays numerous roles of being the major methyl-group donor in transmethy...